Not all works require a planning application. If your proposal is not development, it will not need planning permission.
The Government has produced useful guidance which explains when planning permission is required
In some cases the Government grants planning permission for smaller works and changes of use (known as permitted developments). These can then take place without submitting a planning application.
See the government advice on permitted development rights, including useful mini-guides
Placing tables and chairs within the established curtilage of a business premises in association with the existing use (for example placing tables and chairs within the curtilage of a pub or cafe) rarely needs planning permission as long as you adhere to any conditions of existing planning permissions.
Siting tables and chairs on the pavement requires a licence from the District Council. If the District Council grant you a pavement licence, planning permission is automatically granted. You can find out more about pavement licences from the gov.uk website.
Siting tables and chairs on land outside the curtilage of an established business may also be permitted development for up to 56 days because of the planning permission granted by the Government, known as permitted development.
Works affecting the historic character and interest of listed buildings or certain structures around and near listed buildings, are subject to special controls. Carrying out works to a listed building without securing the necessary consents is a criminal offence. For more information see our listed buildings page.
If you would like a formal written determination as to whether a planning application is required you will need to submit an application for a Proposed Lawful Development Certificate - Proposed Use. A fee is payable for these applications.